Sociology Plus
Contest Mobility Definition
Contest mobility refers to a specific form of social mobility predicated on the assumption that educational systems operate according to meritocratic principles, meaning success is determined by fair and open competition. This concept was introduced by R. Turner in the 1950s to describe the movement of individuals through social strata within the United States, which he attributed to the competitive nature inherent in American schooling.
Origins and Theory
The theory originated from the belief that educational structures facilitate genuine meritocratic advancement, where outcomes are determined by individual ability rather than external social factors.
Key Thinker
R. Turner is the primary figure associated with the development and application of contest mobility theory.
Criticisms
The concept has faced significant academic criticism, primarily for presenting an overly idealistic view of American education. Critics argue that it tends to overlook or minimise the profound impact of pre-existing social class on actual patterns of social mobility.