Sociology Plus
Class Domination Definition
Class domination refers to the power exercised by one social group over another based on their respective class positions. Sociologists generally agree that class relations inherently involve dynamics of both domination and subordination, which are institutionalised and legitimated through various formal and informal mechanisms across different societies.
Mechanisms of Control
Forms of class domination are established through diverse means. In preindustrial societies, customary rights and obligations held significant force, often reinforced by religious sanctions used to regulate and normalise these hierarchical relationships. Ultimately, these forms of domination are sustained by the threat of political, juridical, or military force. In more modern, highly developed class societies, as relations became more contractual and impersonal, formal legal regulations have gained prominence, mediated by the growth of centralised state power.
Complexity and Contingency
It is crucial to recognise that the exercise of power is not absolute; one dominant class does not necessarily possess power over all subordinate classes in every circumstance. Social class relations are inherently complex, exceeding what simple two-class models can capture, and the balance of power is constantly affected by various situational factors. For instance, legal or economic realities influence the dynamic: during periods of labour shortage, trade unionists may successfully limit employer power through legal means, whereas during times of widespread unemployment and market uncertainty, legislation favouring employers becomes more feasible. Nevertheless, domination and subordination remain essential attributes of these complex class relationships.