Sociology Plus
Case-history Definition
A case-history is a sociological method that involves tracing the development of a phenomenon through one or more specific examples, enabling comparative and longitudinal analysis. It provides an extensively detailed and substantiated account of specific characteristics or experiences, which can be used within a broader case-study research project. While often focused on individual narratives, it can also be applied to groups, organisations, or communities, making it closely allied with the methodology of case-study.
Methodological Focus
Case-histories emphasise personal characteristics and specific processes over general structural factors or broad patterns. This focus allows researchers to examine the antecedents, causes, consequences, contextual factors, perceptions, and attitudes associated with a particular feature of an individual or group. Consequently, these histories provide a detailed look at specific trajectories rather than overarching systemic trends.
Scope and Utility
The extended history of a selected case is often used to generate hypotheses for further sociological investigation. Although the most common form involves the life-history of an individual—such as that of an immigrant, criminal, or charismatic leader—the method can be applied to various units of analysis, including groups, organisations, or communities.
Applications
Case-histories are employed across various social sciences. They are utilised extensively in fields such as psychiatry and social work, as well as in criminology and clinical psychology, allowing practitioners to apply the specific skills and methods relevant to their respective disciplines.