Intertextuality

Intertextuality Definition

Intertextuality describes the characteristic where a text contains references to other texts, whether visual images or written words. This phenomenon involves a wide variety of cross-references, which can be inadvertent, occurring when a text implicitly relies on previous conventions, or deliberate, involving borrowing or parody from another source. While deliberate borrowing for effect is sometimes termed ‘hypertextuality’, the concept also extends to describing audience expectations that texts generate, regardless of authorial intent.

Theoretical Origins

The concept has been significant within theoretical debates, often moving beyond the simple notion of direct citation. Within structuralist thought, as argued by Julia Kristeva, texts are seen as mosaics of citations, which challenges the traditional focus on authorial agency. This perspective suggests that language and textuality themselves function as structuring systems for analysis rather than focusing solely on the author.

Postmodern Application

Intertextuality played a crucial role in defining the postmodern condition. Fredric Jameson characterised a specific form of intertextuality—pastiche—as imitation, noting that it is a neutral practice of mimicry where styles and texts are endlessly recombined without critical parody. This recombination results in texts that are cut adrift from their original contexts.

Sociological Dimensions

The sociological importance of intertextuality extends beyond structuralist debates into the study of postmodern culture. Writers such as Collins analysed how ‘intertextual arenas’ function within genre fiction, suggesting authors position themselves relative to their predecessors. Furthermore, Lash argued that the wide range of postmodern intertextuality reflects the distinctive ‘cultural capital’ held by certain consumer groups who are adept at recognising popular and elite cultural references. This suggests that different types of intertextuality carry specific ‘intertextual cultural capital’, targeting educated and media-literate audiences.