Sociology Plus
Question 1
Sociological perspective is primarily related to an attempt to:
(a) Change the social order
(b) Understand the social order
(c) Reform the social order
(d) Adjust to the social order
Correct Answer:
(b) Understand the social order
Answer Explanation:
Sociology is the study of society, social relationships, social interactions, and culture. The sociological perspective seeks to understand how social order is maintained and how societal patterns and structures function.
Question 2
Match the items in List–I with the items in List–II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:
- List–I (Concepts)
- A. The poverty of philosophy
- B. Symbolic interactionism
- C. Manifest and latent function
- D. The social construction of reality
- List–II (Social Scientists)
- i. Peter Berger and T. Luckman
- ii. Karl Marx
- iii. Herbert Blumer
- iv. R.K. Merton
| A | B | C | D | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | i | iv | ii | iii |
| b | ii | iii | iv | i |
| c | iii | ii | i | iv |
| d | iv | iii | ii | i |
Correct Answer:
(b) ii, iii, iv, i
Answer Explanation:
- A (The poverty of philosophy) by Karl Marx
- B (Symbolic interactionism) by Herbert Blumer
- C (Manifest and latent function) by R.K. Merton
- D (The social construction of reality) by Peter Berger and T. Luckman. These matches represent the contributions of these social scientists to sociological concepts.
Question 3
Which among the following is an example of a community?
(a) Family
(b) Marriage
(c) Village
(d) Refugee Camp
Correct Answer:
(c) Village
Answer Explanation:
A community is a group of people who interact with each other within a defined geographic area, sharing common values, beliefs, or behaviors. Villages typically meet this description as they consist of people living in close proximity and engaging in daily interactions.
Question 4
Emile Durkheim defines society as:
(a) Community of ideas
(b) Homogeneous community
(c) Moral community
(d) Ethical community
Correct Answer:
(c) Moral community
Answer Explanation:
Durkheim describes society as a moral community, emphasizing the collective conscience that binds individuals together, guiding their behavior and promoting social cohesion.
Question 5
Assertion (A): According to Karl Marx, class exploitation can be brought to an end only when the means of production is communally owned.
Reason (R): The ruling class derives its power from the ownership and control of the means of production.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Correct Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Answer Explanation:
Marx believed that the end of class exploitation would occur when the means of production are communally owned. He argued that the ruling class’s power comes from their control over production, which allows them to exploit the working class.
Question 6
Which one among the following is an instance of social action according to Max Weber?
(a) Two cyclists colliding with each other.
(b) Persons travelling in a train.
(c) Two cyclists exchanging blows after they collide.
(d) Persons opening umbrellas when it starts raining.
Correct Answer:
(c) Two cyclists exchanging blows after they collide.
Answer Explanation:
According to Weber, social action is an action that takes into account the behavior of others and is oriented accordingly. The instance of two cyclists exchanging blows involves social interaction and reaction, fitting Weber’s definition of social action.
Question 7
Which among the following is not, in Marxian terminology, a component of mode of production?
(a) Means of production
(b) Instruments of production
(c) Forces of production
(d) Relations of production
Correct Answer:
(b) Instruments of production
Answer Explanation:
In Marxian theory, the mode of production includes the forces of production and the relations of production. Instruments of production are not explicitly identified as a separate component within this framework.
Question 8
The Weberian model of social stratification has been used in the study of caste by:
(a) S.C. Dube
(b) M.N. Srinivas
(c) T.N. Madan
(d) Andre Beteille
Correct Answer:
(d) Andre Beteille
Answer Explanation:
Andre Beteille applied the Weberian model to study social stratification in India, particularly focusing on caste dynamics and how lower castes gained some political and economic power.
Question 9
Which one among the following concepts is, according to Merton, capable of theoretically dealing with change?
(a) Eufunction
(b) Non-function
(c) Quasifunction
(d) Dysfunction
Correct Answer:
(d) Dysfunction
Answer Explanation:
Merton introduced the concept of dysfunction to address the limitations of traditional functionalism, which often emphasized stability. Dysfunctions are those elements or processes that disrupt the social system and lead to change.
Question 10
Sanskritization implies:
(a) Change in caste structure
(b) Change of caste structure
(c) Change for caste structure
(d) None of the above
Correct Answer:
(a) Change in caste structure
Answer Explanation:
Sanskritization is a process where lower castes adopt the customs, rituals, and lifestyle of higher castes in an attempt to improve their social status within the caste hierarchy. This process often leads to changes in the caste structure.
Question 11
A teacher in carrying out his duties has to respond to the expectations of his colleagues, students and guardians of the students. These people constitute for the teachers:
(a) Status set
(b) Multiple roles
(c) Role-set
(d) None of the above
Correct Answer:
(c) Role-set
Answer Explanation:
The term “role-set” describes the various roles and relationships an individual has due to their particular status in society. For a teacher, this includes interactions with students, colleagues, and the guardians of the students, all of whom have different expectations.
Question 12
Which one of the following is not an institution?
(a) Marriage
(b) Education
(c) Policing
(d) Pick-pocketing
Correct Answer:
(d) Pick-pocketing
Answer Explanation:
Social institutions are structured systems of social order that govern behavior and expectations. Marriage, education, and policing are all recognized as institutions because they are established systems with specific functions and roles in society. Pick-pocketing, however, is not considered an institution.
Question 13
The prohibition of sagotra marriage among the Hindus is an example of marriage:
(a) Taboo
(b) Clan exogamy
(c) The rules of caste endogamy
(d) The incest taboo
Correct Answer:
(b) Clan exogamy
Answer Explanation:
Sagotra marriages are prohibited among Hindus as they are considered marriages within the same clan, which is culturally and socially not acceptable. This practice is an example of clan exogamy, where individuals must marry outside their clan.
Question 14
Which one of the following is known as the process by which cultural traits spread from one culturally distinct group to another?
(a) Evolution
(b) Assimilation
(c) Accommodation
(d) Diffusion
Correct Answer:
(d) Diffusion
Answer Explanation:
Diffusion is the process through which cultural traits, ideas, and practices spread from one cultural group to another. This exchange can occur through various means such as trade, migration, or communication.
Question 15
The movement of a person from the position of clerk in Calcutta headquarters of L.I.C. to that position in Delhi headquarters of L.I.C. is an example of:
(a) Horizontal mobility
(b) Upward mobility
(c) Vertical mobility
(d) Downward mobility
Correct Answer:
(a) Horizontal mobility
Answer Explanation:
Horizontal mobility refers to the change in position within the same social status. In this case, the person’s job title and status remain the same, but the geographic location changes from Calcutta to Delhi.
Question 16
When an Indian couple prepares its daughters so that she is accepted in her husband’s family after her marriage, it is a case of:
(a) Socialization
(b) Resocialization
(c) Anticipatory socialization
(d) Adult socialization
Correct Answer:
(c) Anticipatory socialization
Answer Explanation:
Anticipatory socialization involves preparing individuals for future roles and responsibilities. Here, the couple is preparing their daughter for her future role in her husband’s family, helping her adapt to the expected norms and behaviors.
Question 17
According to Durkheim, religion consists in the distinction between:
(a) The sacred and the secular
(b) The pure and the impure
(c) The sacred and the profane
(d) The gods and the ghosts
Correct Answer:
(c) The sacred and the profane
Answer Explanation:
Durkheim defined religion as a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, distinguishing them from the profane. This distinction is central to his understanding of religion and its role in society.
Question 18
Resocialization is clearly evident when a:
(a) Girl’s marriage just takes place
(b) Child is born
(c) Person works as a member of a revolutionary party
(d) Child starts going to school
Correct Answer:
(c) Person works as a member of a revolutionary party
Answer Explanation:
Resocialization involves a significant change in a person’s social roles and behavior, often requiring them to unlearn old behaviors and adopt new ones. Working as a member of a revolutionary party typically requires such a fundamental shift in beliefs and actions.
Question 19
Match the items in List–I with the items in List–II and choose the correct answer from the codes given below:
- List–I
- A. Looking-glass self
- B. Alienation
- C. Cultural lag
- D. Positivism
- List–II
- i. Karl Marx
- ii. William Ogburn
- iii. G.H. Mead
- iv. Auguste Comte
- v. C.H. Cooley
| A | B | C | D | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | v | i | ii | iv |
| b | i | ii | iii | v |
| c | iv | iii | ii | i |
| d | iii | iv | i | ii |
Correct Answer:
(a) v, i, ii, iv
Answer Explanation:
- A (Looking-glass self) by C.H. Cooley
- B (Alienation) by Karl Marx
- C (Cultural lag) by William Ogburn
- D (Positivism) by Auguste Comte. These matches represent the association of these concepts with their respective theorists.
Question 20
Sociology in India was introduced at the institutional level after it was well-established in Europe and U.S.A. Which one among the following is the year of introduction of sociology at the formal/institutional level?
(a) 1894
(b) 1895
(c) 1939
(d) 1919
Correct Answer:
(d) 1919
Answer Explanation:
Sociology was formally introduced as a discipline in India in 1919, following its establishment as an academic field in Europe and the United States. This marked the beginning of institutional sociology in the country.
Question 21
Match the items in List–I with items in List–II and select the right answer from the codes indicated below:
- List–I (Concept)
- A. Organic solidarity
- B. Religious ethic
- C. Mode of production
- D. Social evolution
- List–II (Sociologist)
- i. Herbert Spencer
- ii. Emile Durkheim
- iii. Max Weber
- iv. Karl Marx
| A | B | C | D | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | i | iii | iv | ii |
| b | ii | i | v | iii |
| c | v | iii | iv | i |
| d | ii | v | iv | i |
Correct Answer:
(d) ii, v, iv, i
Answer Explanation:
- A (Organic solidarity) by Emile Durkheim
- B (Religious ethic) by Max Weber
- C (Mode of production) by Karl Marx
- D (Social evolution) by Herbert Spencer. These matches align each concept with its corresponding sociologist.
Question 22
Match the items in the List–I with the items in List–II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:
- List–I
- A. Acculturation
- B. Assimilation
- C. Accommodation
- D. Integration
- List–II
- i. A condition in which people may work together even though there are differences which separate them
- ii. A process of adaptation in which elements of a culture form a composite whole
- iii. A condition in which people of a culture tend to acquire some elements of other culture and leave some elements of their own
- iv. A process wherein a minority group gradually gives up its own cultural patterns and acquires those of the dominant
| A | B | C | D | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | i | ii | iii | iv |
| b | iii | iv | i | ii |
| c | ii | iii | iv | i |
| d | iii | iv | ii | i |
Correct Answer:
(b) iii, iv, i, ii
Answer Explanation:
- A (Acculturation) – People of a culture tend to acquire some elements of another culture and leave some elements of their own.
- B (Assimilation) – A minority group gradually gives up its own cultural patterns and acquires those of the dominant culture.
- C (Accommodation) – People may work together even though there are differences which separate them.
- D (Integration) – A process of adaptation in which elements of a culture form a composite whole.
Question 23
Which one of the following is an example of ascribed status?
(a) Teacher
(b) Student
(c) Brahmin
(d) Doctor
Correct Answer:
(c) Brahmin
Answer Explanation:
Ascribed status is a social status a person is assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life. It is a position that is neither earned nor chosen but assigned. Teacher, student, and doctor are examples of achieved status, whereas Brahmin is an example of ascribed status.
Question 24
Tertiary sector is also known as:
(a) Processing sector
(b) Forestry sector
(c) Mining sector
(d) Services sector
Correct Answer:
(d) Services sector
Answer Explanation:
The tertiary sector, also known as the services sector, includes activities such as retail, banks, hotels, real estate, education, health, social work, computer services, recreation, media, communications, and utilities.
Question 25
Match the items in List–I with the items in List–II and select the correct answer from the code given below:
- List–I
- A. Homo Hierarchicus
- B. The Savage Mind
- C. Caste, Class and Power
- D. Caste in Modern India and other Essays
- List–II
- i. Claude Levi-Strauss
- ii. Andre Beteille
- iii. M.N. Srinivas
- iv. Louis Dumont
| A | B | C | D | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | iii | ii | i | iv |
| b | ii | iii | iv | i |
| c | iv | i | ii | iii |
| d | i | ii | iii | iv |
Correct Answer:
(c) iv, i, ii, iii
Answer Explanation:
- A (Homo Hierarchicus) by Louis Dumont
- B (The Savage Mind) by Claude Levi-Strauss
- C (Caste, Class and Power) by Andre Beteille
- D (Caste in Modern India and other Essays) by M.N. Srinivas
Question 26
Rise of new technologies in the sphere of information and communication leading to greater globalization is a feature of:
(a) Agrarian Society
(b) Industrial Society
(c) Post-Industrial Society
(d) Rural Society
Correct Answer:
(c) Post-Industrial Society
Answer Explanation:
A post-industrial society emphasizes the production of services rather than goods, relying on technological advancements and information technology to drive economic growth and globalization.
Question 27
Which of the following thinkers used a system of binary opposition in the structural approach to social phenomena?
(a) Nadel
(b) Radcliffe-Brown
(c) Levi-Strauss
(d) Malinowski
Correct Answer:
(c) Levi-Strauss
Answer Explanation:
Claude Levi-Strauss utilized the concept of binary opposition, where human culture is understood through paired opposites, to analyze myths, customs, and social structures.
Question 28
Which of the following is correct according to Mead?
(a) Self can also emerge in the absence of social experience.
(b) Self does not allow people to take part in conversation with others.
(c) Body becomes a self only when a mind has developed.
(d) Mind and self can be separated from each other.
Correct Answer:
(c) Body becomes a self only when a mind has developed.
Answer Explanation:
George Herbert Mead argued that the self is a product of social interaction. The self, consisting of self-awareness and self-image, develops through social experience and communication with others.
Question 29
Which of the following does not represent Dahrendorf’s theory of conflict?
(a) Social change is ubiquitous in human society
(b) Conflict can be both latent and manifest
(c) Every society experiences social conflict
(d) Economic and social inequalities are the sole sources of conflict
Correct Answer:
(d) Economic and social inequalities are the sole sources of conflict
Answer Explanation:
Dahrendorf acknowledged multiple sources of conflict beyond economic and social inequalities. He emphasized that conflicts arise from various structural factors within society.
Question 30
Which of the following statements represents the functional theory of Emile Durkheim?
(a) Society does not necessarily go through the fixed stages of development
(b) A whole is not identical to the sum of its parts
(c) Social phenomena can be reduced to individual’s phenomena
(d) Collective will emanate from human will
Correct Answer:
(b) A whole is not identical to the sum of its parts
Answer Explanation:
Durkheim’s functionalism asserts that society is more than just the sum of its parts. Each part of society functions to maintain the stability and cohesion of the whole.
Question 31
Functionalism constitutes an important element in the social theories of:
(a) E. Durkheim and C. Levi-Strauss
(b) E. Durkheim and Max Weber
(c) Talcott Parsons and Karl Marx
(d) A.R. Radcliffe-Brown and R.K. Merton
Correct Answer:
(d) A.R. Radcliffe-Brown and R.K. Merton
Answer Explanation:
Functionalism is a key aspect of the social theories developed by A.R. Radcliffe-Brown and R.K. Merton. Radcliffe-Brown focused on the structure of societies and the functional aspects of social institutions, while Merton introduced concepts such as manifest and latent functions, which are central to functional analysis.
Question 32
Choose the correct sequence of Parsons’ schema of social action and social system:
(a) Social system, cultural system, personality system and biological organism
(b) Personality system, cultural system, social system and biological system
(c) Biological organism, personality system, social system and cultural system
(d) Cultural system, biological system, personality system and social system
Correct Answer:
(c) Biological organism, personality system, social system and cultural system
Answer Explanation:
Parsons’ schema of social action and social system is structured in the sequence of biological organism, personality system, social system, and cultural system. This reflects the integration of different levels of action systems, starting from the biological level and progressing to the cultural level.
Question 33
Match the items in List–I with the items in List–II and choose the right answer from the codes given below:
- List–I
- A. Malinowski
- B. Durkheim
- C. Parsons
- D. Merton
- List–II
- i. Pattern variables
- ii. Postulates of functional analysis
- iii. Collective consciousness
- iv. Biological need-based functionality
| A | B | C | D | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | i | ii | iii | iv |
| b | ii | iii | iv | i |
| c | iii | iv | ii | i |
| d | iv | iii | i | ii |
Correct Answer:
(d) iv, iii, i, ii
Answer Explanation:
- A (Malinowski) – Biological need-based functionality
- B (Durkheim) – Collective consciousness
- C (Parsons) – Pattern variables
- D (Merton) – Postulates of functional analysis. These matches align each theorist with their respective contributions to functionalist theory.
Question 34
Basic principles of symbolic interactionism include:
(i) Human capacity for thought
(ii) Social institutions and social interactions
(iii) Mind and social consciousness
(iv) Meanings and symbols that facilitate action and interaction
Select the correct answer from the codes given below: (a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iv)
Correct Answer:
(d) (i) and (iv)
Answer Explanation:
Symbolic interactionism is based on the principles that humans have the capacity for thought and that meanings and symbols facilitate action and interaction. This perspective focuses on how individuals create and interpret symbols in their social interactions.
Question 35
There are two statements, one is Assertion (A) and the other is Reason (R).
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Assertion (A): People are able to order a world that otherwise would be confusing.
Reason (R): Symbols enable people to deal with the material and social world by allowing them to name, categorize and remember what they encounter.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Correct Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Answer Explanation:
Both the assertion and reason are true. Symbols play a crucial role in helping people navigate and make sense of the world, allowing them to categorize and remember their experiences.
Question 36
Which one of the following thinkers observed that conflict is likely to occur in social relations because violent coercion can always be used by people in an interaction setting?
(a) Collins
(b) Simmel
(c) Dohrendorf
(d) Coser
Correct Answer:
(a) Collins
Answer Explanation:
Randall Collins argued that conflict is inherent in social relations due to the potential for violent coercion in interactions. He emphasized that power dynamics and the capacity for coercion are central to understanding social conflict.
Question 37
Who, among the following, has emphasized the positive functions of conflict in society?
(a) Lewis A. Coser
(b) Karl Marx
(c) Max Weber
(d) Emile Durkheim
Correct Answer:
(a) Lewis A. Coser
Answer Explanation:
Lewis A. Coser highlighted the positive functions of conflict, such as promoting social cohesion, enabling social change, and serving as a safety valve for releasing tensions within society.
Question 38
According to Durkheim, the nature of modern law is:
(a) Repressive
(b) Restitutive
(c) Normative
(d) Formal
Correct Answer:
(b) Restitutive
Answer Explanation:
Durkheim argued that modern societies are characterized by restitutive law, which aims to restore social equilibrium by repairing harm and maintaining social order, as opposed to repressive law, which punishes transgressions to uphold collective consciousness.
Question 39
Which of the following is not regarded as the characteristic feature of the scientific method?
(a) Reliability
(b) Validity
(c) Replicability
(d) Common sense observation
Correct Answer:
(d) Common sense observation
Answer Explanation:
Common sense observation is not considered a characteristic feature of the scientific method. The scientific method relies on systematic observation, reliability, validity, and replicability to ensure accuracy and objectivity.
Question 40
The purpose of the survey is:
(a) In-depth study of social phenomena
(b) Extensive coverage of population
(c) Testing of a theory
(d) Establishing causal linkage
Correct Answer:
(b) Extensive coverage of population
Answer Explanation:
Surveys are designed to gather data from a large population, allowing researchers to generalize findings and understand trends and patterns across a wide demographic.
Question 41
Which of the following is associated with Descriptive Design?
(a) Analysis of demographic trends
(b) Impact assessment of development intervention
(c) Causal explanation of violence against women
(d) Cross-cultural study
Correct Answer:
(a) Analysis of demographic trends
Answer Explanation:
Descriptive research design involves observing and describing the behavior of a subject without influencing it. Analysis of demographic trends is a key aspect of descriptive research as it involves describing the characteristics of populations.
Question 42
In which of the following types of research is hypothesis a prerequisite?
(a) Biographical study
(b) Experimental study
(c) Interpretative research
(d) Critical research
Correct Answer:
(b) Experimental study
Answer Explanation:
Experimental research requires a hypothesis to test the effectiveness of interventions or treatments. This type of research involves manipulating variables to determine cause-and-effect relationships.
Question 43
Which type of sampling method is ideally suited where there is no knowledge about the population?
(a) Convenient sampling method
(b) Purposive sampling method
(c) Quota sampling method
(d) Snowball sampling method
Correct Answer:
(d) Snowball sampling method
Answer Explanation:
Snowball sampling is used when there is no clear knowledge about the population. It involves current study subjects recruiting future subjects from among their acquaintances, making it useful for studying hidden or hard-to-reach populations.
Question 44
Participant observation method is ideally suited for the study of:
(i) Tribal Culture
(ii) National Culture
(iii) Ethnographic Study
(iv) Phenomenon of Globalization
Select the correct answer from the codes given below: (a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (iii) and (ii)
Correct Answer:
(b) (i) and (iii)
Answer Explanation:
Participant observation is a qualitative research method where the researcher immerses themselves in the group being studied. It is particularly useful for studying tribal cultures and conducting ethnographic research, providing deep insights through direct engagement.
Question 45
There are two statements, one is Assertion (A) and the other is Reason (R).
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Qualitative methods are often criticized for failing to meet the same standards of reliability.
Reason (R): The procedures used to collect data in qualitative studies are precise and accurate.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Correct Answer:
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
Answer Explanation:
While qualitative methods are often criticized for not meeting the same reliability standards as quantitative methods, the procedures used in qualitative research are not necessarily precise and accurate in the same way as quantitative methods. The criticism arises because qualitative data can be more subjective and harder to replicate.
Question 46
There are two statements, one is Assertion (A) and the other is Reason (R).
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Life history research can help raise people’s consciousness and awareness of their exploitation.
Reason (R): Life history research encourages people to reflect upon the factors that have shaped their life experiences.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Correct Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Answer Explanation:
Life history research involves detailed personal narratives that can highlight exploitation and raise awareness. By reflecting on their experiences, individuals can become more conscious of the factors affecting their lives, making both the assertion and the reason true and interconnected.
Question 47
Match List–I with the List–II and mark the correct answer from the codes given below the lists:
- List–I
- A. Central Tendency
- B. Dispersion
- C. Correlation
- D. Test of Significance
- List–II
- i. Mean Deviation
- ii. Pearson’s coefficient
- iii. Mean
- iv. ‘t’-test
| A | B | C | D | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | i | ii | iv | iii |
| b | ii | iii | iv | i |
| c | iii | i | ii | iv |
| d | iv | iii | ii | i |
Correct Answer:
(c) iii, i, ii, iv
Answer Explanation:
- A (Central Tendency) – Mean
- B (Dispersion) – Mean Deviation
- C (Correlation) – Pearson’s coefficient
- D (Test of Significance) – ‘t’-test. These matches align statistical measures with their respective concepts.
Question 48
When a particular technique applied repeatedly to the same object produces the same result each time, it is said to have:
(a) Validity
(b) Reliability
(c) Probability
(d) Subjectivity
Correct Answer:
(b) Reliability
Answer Explanation:
Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure. A technique is considered reliable if it yields the same results upon repeated applications under the same conditions.
Question 49
Observe the following table and answer the question given below:
| Age Group | Frequency |
|---|---|
| 20–29 | 04 |
| 30–39 | 06 |
| 40–49 | 09 |
| 50–59 | 12 |
| 60–69 | 15 |
| 70–79 | 09 |
| 80–89 | 04 |
In the distribution shown above, the median falls in the interval between:
(a) 40–49
(b) 50–59
(c) 60–69
(d) 70–79
Correct Answer:
(b) 50–59
Answer Explanation:
To find the median, we need to determine the middle value. With 59 total frequencies, the median falls in the 30th and 31st positions, which are within the 50–59 age group interval.
Question 50
Calculation of number of deaths per thousand people falls under the measure of:
(a) Nominal scale
(b) Ordinal scale
(c) Ratio scale
(d) Interval scale
Correct Answer:
(c) Ratio scale
Answer Explanation:
The ratio scale is a quantitative scale that has a true zero point, allowing for the calculation of meaningful ratios. The number of deaths per thousand people is a ratio measurement as it allows for the calculation of relative differences and has an absolute zero.
