Sociology Plus
Complementarity Hypothesis Definition
The complementarity hypothesis is one of two major theoretical frameworks proposed in the literature concerning the determinants of attraction between individuals within small groups. While the related similarity thesis posits that attraction arises from shared personal characteristics, the complementarity hypothesis maintains that interpersonal attraction is based on the complementary nature of characteristics possessed by the individuals involved. This suggests that attraction occurs when individuals possess contrasting or complementary attributes rather than identical ones.
Origins and Core Tenet
The concept emerged as an alternative to the similarity thesis. For instance, Robert Francis Winch’s investigation into married couples, particularly concerning ‘social needs’ such as deference and dominance, suggested that these needs should be complementary rather than similar if a marriage was to function effectively. This implies that if one partner exhibits a low level of a particular attribute, the other partner should exhibit a high level of its complement. Certain combinations of attributes, such as high deference paired with high dominance, were thus favoured under this view.
Modifications and Evolution
The hypothesis has undergone later modifications to incorporate additional variables into the model of attraction. These subsequent developments have accounted for factors such as the mutual gratification of social needs and the influence of the broader social context within which relationships are formed.